Male sperm general examination method

Semen conventional check general characters including inspection and examination under the microscope.

1, general character check

(1) quantity: normal person a row of fine 2 ~ 5 ml.

(2) color and transparency: normal sperm injection just the milky or grey, after liquefaction translucent ivory, long row of not pure pale yellow. Bright red or dark red blood fine in reproductive system inflammation, n/med tuberculosis, and tumor, yellow pus sperm samples, in the seminal vesicle inflammation or prostatitis.

(3) viscosity and liquefied: normal fresh semen from a few seconds a sticky glue frozen form, in semen under the action of fibrinolytic enzyme after 30 minutes start liquefaction. If the viscosity with decreasing rice water samples, may be the decrease in the number of sperm, in reproductive system inflammation, semen solidify in the seminal vesicle obstruction or damage; If semen 1 hour after liquefaction, may be due to inflammatory damage caused by fibrinolytic enzyme, such as prostatitis, sperm can inhibit sperm activity not liquefaction and influence pregnancy.

(4) pH: pH value. Normal semen is weak alkali pH7.2 ~ 8.0, so the vaginal secretions and acid, pH value is less than seven or more than 8 can affect sperm activity and metabolism, is not conducive to conceive.

2, examination under the microscope

(1) sperm survival: row 30 to 60 minutes after essence, normal sperm survival rate should be 80% ~ 90%, the survival rate is lower sperm in sterile important reasons.

(2) sperm activity: refers to the state of sperm activity, also refers to a sperm quality activities. The world health organization (WHO), recommend sperm activity is divided into four levels will be: (1) the sperm activity, rapid movement, lively and strong, straight forward movement; (2) the sperm activity is better, the movement speed is compatible, swimming uncertain direction, a straight line or the linear motion, with a swing; (3) the sperm movement is bad, the slow movement, spin around or dithering, forward movement ability is poor; (4) the dead sperm, sperm not activities. Normal sperm activity should be in (3) class above, if > 40% of sperm activity bad (3), (4)) level, often is the important reason for the male infertility. Low sperm activity, mainly in varicocele, genitourinary system nonspecific infection, some drugs such as application of antimalarial, androgen, etc..

(3) sperm count: normal sperm counts for 0.6 x 1012 ~ 1.5 x 0.012 / L, equivalent to a discharge sperm for a total of 400 x 106 to 600 x 106. When sperm count value < 20 x 106 / ml or a row of pure total < 100 x 106 for sperm to reduce, more than the child to limit sterile. Semen direct smear or centrifugal sedimentation after all did not look up to the sperm for no refined disease. In congenital testicular dysplasia, deformity or the day after tomorrow testicular damage and atrophy (such as testicular n/med tuberculosis, inflammation, gonorrhea, pituitary or adrenal function abnormal secretory within such as disease), blocked or congenital vasectomy vasectomy and seminal vesicle defect, is causing less refined or no refined important reason, also is the important reason to infertility. Inspect for sperm is also check vasal ligation effect observation. Six weeks after ligation, continuous review no sperm, explain the operation is a success, if ligation after two months, semen still has the sperm that surgery was a success.

(4) sperm forms: normal semen, abnormal sperm form should be less than 10% ~ 15%, and if the sperm of abnormal sperm count > 20% form, will cause infertility, probably because varicocele, toxic metabolites in the blood, lead pollution large dose radiation or application and use cells to drug toxicity is abnormal sperm forms. If the semen found that 1% of the pathologic > immature cells, including spermatagonial cells, pure mother cells and growth is not completely sperm cells, suggesting testis curve of the life of the fine fine functions have been drugs or other factors affecting or damage. If the sperm agglutinate > 10%, indicating that the reproductive tract infection or abnormal immune function.

[clinical significance] semen less than 1.5 ml; After 30 minutes from the body not liquefied or liquefied is not complete; Have less than 40% of the total sperm; Or sperm activity bad; Sperm count in 060 million/ml the following; The normal form sperm could lead to less than 80% of infertility. Sperm quantity is little common in the seminal vesicle and prostate disease; No sperm or sperm in less reproductive system n/med tuberculosis and nonspecific inflammation, such as the concurrent with the mumps orchitis, testicular dysplasia, etc.; Semen appearance of a large number of white blood cells common in the seminal vesicle phlogistic, prostatitis or n/med tuberculosis; There is a tremendous amount of red blood cells are common in semen seminal vesicle n/med tuberculosis and prostate cancer.